- **Why Statement 3 is correct:** Mangroves possess dense, complex aerial root systems (such as prop roots and pneumatophores) that physically dissipate wave energy and dramatically reduce the impact of cyclones, tsunamis, and tidal surges. By acting as a **natural bio-shield**, they protect coastal geography while simultaneously serving as a critical **livelihood base** by supporting estuarine fisheries, honey collection, and sustainable biomass for rural communities.
https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/gyangram-aeee0.firebasestorage.app/o/library%2Fimage%2Fx21UiYcQFl2XIiT864pK.jpg?alt=media&token=bbf37b67-ffee-4c98-870b-98028b4c7afc
- **Why Statement 1 is incorrect:** While mangroves do reduce tidal energy, they thrive in waterlogged, saline, or brackish conditions and do not act as freshwater storage basins. Furthermore, clearing or altering mangrove ecosystems to create fields for paddy cultivation destroys the ecosystem, which directly contradicts the rationale for *protecting* them for climate resilience.
- **Why Statement 2 is incorrect:** Mangroves are **halophytes** (highly salt-tolerant plants), meaning their roots are specialized to thrive in saline environments, not "salt-sensitive." Additionally, converting coastal mangrove forests into aquaculture zones (such as commercial shrimp farming) is a primary driver of mangrove deforestation globally and severely damages coastal climate resilience.
GyanGram