Approach: Analyze the technological requirements of drone swarms, focusing on communication protocols, network architecture, and common electronic warfare countermeasures.
- **Correct Answer:** (b) 2 and 3 only
- **Statement 2 is correct:** Drone swarms rely on **mesh networking**, where individual drones communicate with one another to maintain formation, share sensor data, and coordinate maneuvers without needing a constant direct link to a central controller.
- **Statement 3 is correct:** **GPS Spoofing** is a primary counter-measure. By broadcasting false GPS signals, defenders can deceive the swarm's navigation system, causing drones to drift off course, collide, or land prematurely.
- **Statement 1 is incorrect:** Drone swarms do not use the **Terahertz (THz) band** for communication with command centers. THz waves have extremely short range and are easily blocked by atmospheric conditions or obstacles. Swarms typically utilize standard Radio Frequency (RF) bands, satellite links, or tactical data links (e.g., 5G/6G, Wi-Fi, or proprietary RF protocols) for long-range communication.