Which of the following international conventions have not been ratified by India ? 1. Emp…

Approach: *Focus on India's stance on key International Labour Organization (ILO) and UN Human Rights conventions, noting that India often avoids ratifying treaties that might conflict with domestic labor laws or sovereignty.*

- **Correct Answer:** The question was dropped by UPSC due to ambiguity in the status of ratifications at the time of the exam.
- **Status of Conventions:**
- **Employment Policy Convention (C122):** India has NOT ratified this ILO convention.
- **Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (C105):** India has NOT ratified this convention (though it has ratified C29, the Forced Labour Convention).
- **Convention on Protection of Rights of Migrant Workers:** India has NOT ratified this UN convention.
- **Geneva Convention (Relative to Protection of Civilian Persons):** India IS a signatory/party to the Geneva Conventions of 1949.
- **Convention on Reduction of Statelessness:** India has NOT ratified this convention.
- **Exam Strategy:** UPSC questions on international conventions are highly dynamic. Always check the current status on the official ILO NORMLEX database or UN Treaty Collection website before the exam. Treaties involving 'Migrant Workers' and 'Statelessness' are frequently tested; note that India generally maintains a cautious approach toward international oversight of its domestic labor and citizenship policies.