Which one of the following statements about the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is co…

Approach: *Contrast the core socio-economic grievances and regional drivers of both peasant movements to identify the accurate historical description.*

- **Correct Answer:** (c) The Bardoli Satyagraha was a campaign against the enhancement of land revenue, while the Eka Movement was a protest against excessive extraction of rents.
- **Bardoli Satyagraha (1928):** Led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in Gujarat, this movement was a highly organized peasant protest explicitly directed against the colonial government's decision to implement a steep **22% enhancement in land revenue**.
- **Eka Movement (1921–1922):** Also known as the Unity Movement, this agrarian protest surfaced in northern districts of Awadh (like Hardoi, Sitapur, and Bahraich) where regular peasants rebelled against **excessive, unrecorded rent extractions** and oppression by local *taluqdars* (landlords) and contractors.
- **Why other options are incorrect:**
- *Option (a) is incorrect:* The Congress party initially nurtured the Eka movement but soon distanced itself as it grew radical under leaders like Madari Pasi. Conversely, Bardoli was thoroughly organized under Congress guidance from the very beginning.
- *Option (b) is incorrect:* The Eka movement fought *against* the tyranny of the *taluqdars*, rather than being led by them.
- *Option (d) is incorrect:* The Eka movement was centered in northern Awadh (not Varanasi/Mirzapur), and the Bardoli Satyagraha took place in the Surat district of Gujarat (not the Saurashtra region).