'X' was addressing a seminar on the meaning of the term 'law' as provided under Article 1…

Approach: *Recall the specific definition of 'law' provided under Article 13(3)(a) of the Indian Constitution to determine the scope of judicial review.*

- **Correct Answer:** (d) The view of only 'Y' is correct.
- **Legal Provision:** Article 13(3)(a) explicitly defines the term 'law' for the purposes of Part III (Fundamental Rights). It includes:
- Ordinances, orders, bye-laws, rules, regulations, notifications, and customs or usages having in the territory of India the force of law.
- **Analysis:**
- 'X' is incorrect because they failed to recognize that 'custom or usage' is explicitly included in the constitutional definition of 'law'.
- 'Y' is correct because they correctly identified that 'custom or usage' having the force of law falls under the ambit of Article 13.
- **Conclusion:** Since the definition is inclusive and exhaustive of the items listed, both the formal legislative instruments and informal sources like customs are subject to the test of constitutionality if they violate Fundamental Rights.